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v J. J. -GRAVEN.- v REERIGERATING APPARATUS FOR CHAMBERS AND BUILDINGS. No. 300,695.

Patented June 17, 1884.

Win/eases 'UNTTED STATES PATENT. Unmet.

JOHN J. CRAVEN, OF PATOHOGUE, NEW YORK.

REFRIGERATING APPARATUS FOR CHAMBERS AND BUILDINGS.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 300,695, dated June 17, 1884.

Application filed April 4, 1884. (No model.)

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, J OHN J osnrn CRAVEN, a citizen of the United States, residing at Patchogue, in the county of Suffolk and State of New York, have invented new and useful Improvements in Refrigerating Apparatus for Chambers and Buildings, of which'the following is a specification.

The object of my invention is to secure a thorough refrigeration or cooling of a compartment for the purpose of preserving perishable articles placed therein, using as the cooling medium ice and salt and the meltage therefrom with good advantage and economy. In this I aim to get all the cooling properties that may be obtained by the combination of ice and salt employed in two distinct and separated bod'iesone solid and the other aliquid resulting from the solid-through and in contact with which air is forced under pressure, and delivered in a blast into the apartment, so as to maintain therein a continuous and uniform cold condition. Both these cooling bodies are contained within the cold-producing chamber, but separated, so as to prevent the contact of theliquid with the solid, by an intervening air-space and an overflow, because were these bodies in contact they would form a compact stratum of ice at their junction and prevent the passage of the air through the cold-producing chamber. It is this complete separation of the ice and the resulting meltage therefrom that enables me to utilize the cooling properties of these two separate bodies by first forcing a current of air through the liquid and then in contact with the ice and salt, so that both are used to their fullest cooling capacity upon the same forced volume of air..

In the passage of the air through these separate cooling bodies provision is made for diffusing it in separatestreams, the better to increase its coldness. Provision is also made for sealing the supply-hopper to prevent the entrance of air intothe cold-producing chamber when filling it with ice, and thereby prevent disturbance or interruption of the air-blast from the cold-producing chamber to the refrigerator. Provision is also made whereby the overflow from the cold-producing chamber is utilized to cool the air before its entrance into the blower, thereby obtaining cooling results by the entire body of ice and the meltage there- Fig. 2, a vertical section through the coldproducing chamber and the air-inlet pipes, and Fig. 3 a horizontal section of the same.

The apparatus is designed for maintaining a low degree of temperature in chambers or compartments for the preservation of perishable articles.

The refrigerating compartment or chamber A is constructed in any suitable manner for the purpose, and is provided with suitable entrance-doors. The refrigerating apparatus is outside of the refrigerator proper, and consists of an air-tight cold-producing chamber, B, constructed to hold brine and ice in two separated and distinct bodies, into which the air to be cooled is forced, and from which it is delivered bya pipe, 0, in a blast into the refrigerator. Into this cold-producing chamber the air is delivered by a pipe, D, preferably passing through its top, and extending to near its bottom, where it delivers the air. This chamber is divided horizontally by a perforated partition, a, upon which the ice rests, and partially fills the upper portion of said chamber.

About the delivery end of the air-conduit D, and near the bottom of the chamber, a perforated diaphragm, b, is placed, and below the partition a this chamber receives and holds the meltage from the ice and salt above. An overflow-pipe, c, connects with this chamber at a point below the partition (6, so that the liquid is prevented from rising to said partition, and there is therefore an air-space, (I, always between the surface of the liquid and the partition, so that the body of the ice can at no time come in contact with the body of the liquid, for in such a contingency a solid stratum of ice would be formed at their j unction and prevent the passage of the air through the liquid. The cold-producing chamber is supplied with salt and ice in a broken condition by a hopper, E, which is provided with a sealed cover, 6, and slide f, whereby the from. These and other matters of construe ing-chamber of the latter has a sealed overhopper can be first filled and sealed and the inner slide opened to allow the charge to be dropped within the chamber without interrupting the refrigerated air-current in its passage to the preserving-compartment.

The blower F is closed and connected to the pipe D, into which it delivers the blast, while it receives the air through a pipe, G, which passes into and through a closed tank, H, into which the overflow-pipe c terminates, is sealed, and by which it is kept filled with the brine overflowing from the cold-producing chamber. This tank has an overflow-pipe, I, through which the brine escapes, and the airinlet pipe G opens outside of said tank, so that the air drawn through this pipe is partially cooled before it enters the. blowers by the cold resulting from the overflow from the cold-producing chamber.

The cold-air pipe may enter the preservingchamber by a single opening, or by several branch pipes, and the air is delivered therein in a blast. As the preserving chamber is made tight, provision is made for ventilating it and relieving it from the pressure of the coldblast by one or more valved openings, 9; but my object is to keep the preserving-chamber under some degree of pressure in order to secure a general dissemination of the cold blast therein. As the air is delivered into the coldproducing chamber immediately below the perforated bottom diaphragm, b, the latter serves to break up the volume and diffuse it through the body of the liquid, thus bringing it more intimately in contact with the cold liquid. Leaving the body of the liquid, the blast passes through another perforated dia-' phragm or partition, a, by which it is again diffused through the body of ice and salt supported thereon, and delivered to the preserving-chamber through the pipe C,which opens into the top of the cold-producing chamber.

In the drawings I have shown the side of the cold-producing chamber removed, and also the top of the supplemental air-cooling tank, to expose the interior construction of these parts. The pipe D must extend below the perforated partition a; but I prefer to terminate it below the perforated diaphragm, so that it passes into the chamber through the body of the ice, and terminates within the body of the liquid.

From the foregoing it will be seen that a preserving-chamber can be kept at a low degree of temperature by air continuously forced into a body of liquid resulting from the meltage of ice and salt, diffusing the air-blast into separate streams as it is forced through said liquid refrigerant, and then in separate streams in contact with abody of ice, between which and the refrigerating-liquid the confinflow, to maintain the separation of the solid and liquid refrigerants.

I claim 1. For the purpose of refrigerating a pre-.

serving-chamber, the combination, with said chamber, of a closed cold-producing chamber 1 containing a solid refrigerant above and separated from a liquid refrigerant, an overflowpipe entering said chamber into an air-space separating the solid and the liquid refrigerant-s, a blower delivering the air into the contained liquid refrigerant, and a pipe for delivering the cold air from said cold-producing chamber, substantially as described.

2. In a refrigerating apparatus, a closed cold-producing chamber divided by a horizontal perforated partition, and having a lower perforated diaphragm, in combination with an 0verfiow-pipe arranged below said perforated partition, an airinduction conduit passing through said partition, terminating below the perforated diaphragm, and an air-eduction pipe, substantially as described, for the purpose specified.

3. The combination, in a refrigerating apparatus, of the closed cold-producing chamber, divided by a horizontal perforated partition, with an air -induction pipe passing through and terminating below said perforated partition, an overflow-pipe, a supplemental cooling-tank into which it terminates, and a closed blower receiving air by a pipe passing through said supplemental cooling-tank, substantially as described, for the purpose specified.

4. The combination, in a refrigerating apparatus, with a closed cold-producing chamber having an induction and an eduction airblast pipe, of a hopper having a sealing-cover and a charge delivering sealingslide, substantially as described, whereby to deliver the ice-charge into said chamber without interrupting the air-current through the same.

5. The combination, with a preservingchamber, of a connected closed cold-producing chamber containing in separate bodies a solid refrigerant above a liquid refrigerant, an overflow-pipe entering said chamber between these contained refrigerating bodies, a supplemental cooling-tank, and a closed blower having its air-supplying pipe passing into and through said. supplemental cooling-tank, substantially as herein set forth.

6. A closed cold producing chamber divided by a perforated horizontal partition, whereby a solid refrigerant is separated from a liquid refrigerant, a sealing supplyhopper, and an overflow-pipe, in combination with an airinduction, an air-eduction pipe, and a preserving-chamber, substantially as herein set forth.

7. The combination of a preserving-chamber with a closed cold-producing chamber containing a solid and a liquid refrigerant separated by an air-space, an overflow-pipe connecting with said contained air-space between the cold-producing bodies, a closed blower, and suitable inlet and discharging airpipes, the inlet-pipe being arranged to deliver the air into the liquid body, substantially as described, for the purpose specified.

8. The method herein described of refrig era-ting a preserving-chamber, which consists in forcing air through and in successive contact with separated liquid and solid refrigerating bodies contained within the same chamber maintaining the separation of said refrigeratin g bodies by an intervening air-space, and a sealed overflow to preserve them in condition for the passage of the air to be cooled, and delivering the air so cooled by its successive passage through these separated bodies into the preserving-chamber, substantially as described.

9. The cold producing chamber B, constructed to hold brine and ice in two separated bodies, one above the other, and having a sealed top door, 6, combined with the overflowpipe 0, the separating air-space d, the blower F, and the preserving'chamber, substantially as herein set forth.

In testimony whereof I have hereunto set my hand in the presence of two subscribing witnesses.

JOHN J. CRAVEN. \Vitnesses:

A. E. H, JoHNsoN, J. WV. HAilIILTON JOHNSON. 

